Currently, methods of photogrammetry and laser scanning are available for a wide range of users and have been used to solve various application tasks. One of the most popular and main areas of application of these technologies is creating 3D models of objects and territories. The authors of the article, based on the results of a study of the territory of the Uvek hillfort, carried out the construction of 3D models of archaeological excavation site of 2017 using photogrammetry and laser scanning to create archaeological GIS.
The influence of climate change on erosion processes in slope agricultural landscapes is determined. Long-term data (1971–2017) on the study of soil protection methods of the main tillage and their impact on water reserves in snow, melt water runoff, soil washout in the changing climate are presented. It was found that the increase of air temperature, the decrease in the depth of soil freezing led to a reduction in the loss of melt water to runoff and a reduction of erosion.
The article provides the experience of joint work of urban ecologists and oncologists in identifying and preventing the thyroid cancer in Saratov. Oncogeographic works were based on the geo-ecological research data, which made possible to determine the most polluted urban landscapes. The medical- geographic analysis was made with the help of using GIS technology. Urban ecological work precedes screening studies. Also, it is the basis of oncological monitoring.
Modern landscape science, based on polystructural and polyscopic geosystems conceptions, represents the methodological basis for geo-ecological structures complex territorial analysis. The article discusses the landscape-economic (geo-ecological structures) of Saratov Right Bank of the Volga and trans-Volga region and features of morpho-cellated, basin and eco-functional territory models as a basis for creation maps of geo-ecological zoning.
The composition of macro-regions in the «Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025» is considered. The principles of allocation of the macro-region are analyzed from the position of compliance with the approaches of economic zoning. Within the vast territory of the Ural-Volga region, typical and transitional regions are distinguished, morphological features of the settlement system are analyzed, primarily in the river valleys. The conclusion is made about the internal heterogeneity of a number of proposed macro-regions.
The classification of spring-summer droughts into the categories of «weak», «moderate», «strong», «ecological catastrophe» derived from regional meteorological characteristics and the sensitivity scale of Scots pine to drought is discussed. It is proposed to evaluate the drought as an autonomous natural phenomenon, within a certain territory and its (dry) vegetative season.
The article is devoted to some aspects of assessing the quality of the documents of territorial planning of regions and municipal areas of the steppe zone of European Russia. The main aim is a score-rating evaluation of quantitative and qualitative indicators, cognitive terminology analysis reflecting differences in regional schemes of territorial planning (STP). The results of the research show that the quality of the STP at the level of the regions of the Russian Federation is much higher than the quality of the STP of municipalities.
Nowadays there are problems in improving the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region. For the development of agriculture in the resort area of this region, it is necessary to establish certain efficient
and competitive areas of agro-industrial production.
Currently the laser scanning method is increasingly used to record the effects of man-made accidents and natural disasters. At the same time, world practice and experience have shown that laser scan data can be used not only to inventory and refine the state of landslide bodies, but also to monitor and predict their development.
Saratov is one of the cities of the Volga region where in a relatively small area many industrial enterprises are concentrated emitting into the atmosphere harmful substances which, entering the atmosphere are deposited on the surface, washed out by precipitation and are carried to considerable distances from the place of emission. All of these processes occur with the help of the wind and depend on air temperature, solar radiation, rainfall and other meteorological factors.
A special category of long-term forecasts is considered, the object of forecasting is not the anomalies of the hydrometeorological regime (temperature, precipitation), but the dates of its sharp change. Methodological issues are raised to develop adequate methods for estimating such forecasts. The possibility of applying the method of accuracy of short-term forecasts to the justification of long-term forecasts is substantiated.
The Earth’s climate system (ECS) is considered as a linear system whose input is a change in the solar constant, and the output is an anomaly of the globally averaged surface temperature. As a result of the restoration, the impulse response of the system was obtained at time intervals up to 100 months. It has been shown that the response time of ECS can be characterized by a time constant of 1.305 ± 0.026 months. The sensitivity of ECS to radiative forcing is 0.320±0.074 K W-1m2, and the positive feedback coefficient is 1.07±0.25.
The article features the results of comprehensive studies of Maklasheevka II fortified settlement carried out at the intersection of natural and humanitarian sciences, and one of the area of this work was integrative soil-archaeological studies. This approach includes a cross-spectrum archaeological and pedological analysis of the ancient soils.
A new method of processing the actual material of lichen-indication studies, based on the study of morphological changes in the lichen thallus, is proposed. Assessment of the degree of technogenic impact on the components of the environment from a linear source of atmospheric pollution is performed by calculating and correlating the fractal index of anthropogenic load levels and the processes of its biotic compensation.
The aim of the work is to assess the contribution of vehicle emissions to air pollution of the Irkutsk agglomeration, on the example of a large industrial and transport city of Angarsk. In order to achieve the goal, emission calculations were carried out on the basis of field surveys of the composition and traffic intensity of vehicles at major intersections of Angarsk during peak hours. With the help of the program complex «Ecologist» calculations of concentrations of the main harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere by vehicles were carried out.
Modern geosystems are formed under the influence of two main factors that are in close interaction with each other. We are talking about natural and anthropogenic factors, which are essentially opposite. The stability of geosystems is found under conditions when they are influenced by various factors and phenomena that have antagonistic characteristics. The methods used are comparative geographical, informational, paleogeographic. The materials obtained in the course of natural observations, the work of scientists, information from various funds have been used.
The article discusses the conditions and the need of urbanization in the country. High natural growth and the agrarian type of economy are the cause of employment problems. Internal migration in the country is directed to cities, which leads to the need to develop urbanization. The urbanization models that prevail in the country are peripheral and concentration. The classification and typology of the cities in Turkmenistan are given. The prospects of the urbanization process are estimated.
The article presents the study results of changes in the plant cover of ribbon forests of the Priobsky Plateau during the Holocene. According to satellite imagery data, a change in the role of different types of vegetation cover, corresponding to the current environmentally friendly conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones has been established.
The typological zoning of the main pipeline route «Druzhba 2» has been carried out as far as possible manifestations of engineeringgeological processes appear. Seven groups of processes are singled out on the agent of a relief formation, each of which includes several types allocated on the genesis of process.
The necessity of formation and development of supra-regional innovation systems within the country for the effective flow of the innovation cycle, dissemination of knowledge and innovations is substantiated. The properties of the regional innovation system including those relevant in the Russian conditions of low population density and economic activity are discussed. The hypothesis that the macro-regions of Russia are considered as a super-regional innovation systems is tested. The regions – scientific and innovative centers-are singled out.