development
The landscapes of polar countries are neither young nor secondary. An external shape and internal composition of polar landscapes are created as a whole by permafrost (continuous, faltering with taliks and island). In some cases, under unfavorable conditions, its own destructive influences on landscapes are strengthened by endodynamic risks (first of all, by seismicity flashes from 1 to 2 points).
The article highlighted the steppe zone of Russia as a single region. The characteristics of the development of history, territory, population, economy, transport and the level of exploration.